The gut microbiome, a collection of microorganisms inhabiting the digestive tract, plays a key role in maintaining health and may influence aging processes and longevity. Research shows that a diverse and balanced microbiome supports immunity, regulates metabolism, protects against inflammation, and enhances brain function.
With age, the composition of the microbiome changes — its diversity decreases, and the balance between “good” and potentially pathogenic bacteria may be disrupted. This condition contributes to so-called “inflammaging” — chronic, low-grade inflammation that promotes the development of chronic diseases such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, and neurodegeneration. Interestingly, long-lived individuals — e.g., centenarians — often have a microbiome rich in beneficial species and specific bacterial strains with anti-inflammatory effects that support gut barrier function. Lifestyle, a fiber-rich diet, fermented foods, and physical activity have a significant impact on maintaining a healthy microbiome and may promote healthy aging. In summary, the gut microbiome is an important factor influencing the pace of aging and potential longevity — its care may be one of the key elements of preventive healthcare in older age.
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